• The Paris Agreement was adopted at the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) for the climate system after the Kyoto Protocol.
• Limit the increase in Earth’s average temperature to ‘much smaller’ than 2 ℃ compared to pre-industrial level and try to limit it to 1.5 ℃.
• Participating countries voluntarily submit Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC).
• The agreement is reviewed every 5 years from 2023 to ensure that the parties meet their carbon reduction commitments. (Global Stocktake)

History of climate change negotiation (Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs)

Enhanced 2030 NDC of Korea

• As the demand for hydrogen such as Industries and Transport sectors increases in the future, greenhouse gas emission generate during hydrogen fueling and extracting using natural gas. (7.6 MtCO2eq)
• To minimize emissions, it is necessary to support the development and commercialization of carbon capture & storage (CCS) technology
• To realizing a carbon neutral society, the role of CCS is becoming more important.

Reduction Targets by sector (Source: 2050 Carbon Neutrality Commission)

• Two carbon capture trains are studied to capture CO2 from the exhaust of two LM2500+G4 machines (2＊50%)
• Two carbon capture trains will capture 28 ton CO2/hr (14 ton CO2/train), i.e. from generation of 30 MW of electrical power : equivalent to ~ 80% capture

Utilities Conditions

• Seawater Supply / Return Temperature : 26 / 40 oC
• Heating Medium Supply / Return Temperature : 160 / 130 oC

• Select standard amine equipment and capacities
• Each turbine has dedicated waste heat recovery unit

• Each turbine/WHRU can be isolated from an amine system

  

• Key performance data

  

• Key utility consumption per train

  

• Key electrical load list

  

• Carbon Capture Module Layout (per train)

  

• Overall view of total arrangement (two trains)

  

• Material selection

  

• Key equipment list

  

• Dry and operating weight estimation

  

• Cost Estimate (CAPEX)

  

• Cost Estimate (OPEX)

  • Amine consumption : 0.5 mill EUR/year
  • Hazardous waste destruction : 0.3 mill EUR/year (excludes offshore handling)

• Separated two cycle system (Ammonia and Propane)

• Optimized for 28 ton CO2/hr capacity

  

• Process Simulation

  

• Process Flow Diagram (PFD) - CO2 purification and liquefaction processes

  

• Cast Study and Key Utility Consumption

  
  

• Cast Study and Cost Evaluation

  

• CO2 purification and liquefaction plant layout

  

• CAPEX (CAPital Expenditures) – Carbon Capture and Storage

  

• Separated two cycle system (Ammonia and Propane)

• CAPEX (CAPital Expenditures) - Cost of transport

  

• CAPEX (CAPital Expenditures) - Cost of ground storage

  

• CAPEX (CAPital Expenditures) – Total Cost

  

• OPEX (Operating Expenditures)

  

• Total CO2 captured : 6,132,000 ton
• CCS CAPEX : 149 million USD
• Total OPEX : 375 kUSD/month (=4.5 M$/year)
• WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) : 6%

• EPC period vs Operation period ratio : 1:5